REFERENCES
Use of Multiple Technologies to Address Contamination at a Former Fire Training Area, Progress to Date
Anthony Tingle, Tarek Ladaa, Robert Mayer, and Brian McInturff (Shaw Environmental, Inc.), Cathy Jerrard (Air Force Real Property Agency), and Robert Zaruba (US Army Corps of Engineers)
Seventh International Conference Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, California; May 24-27, 2010

Using True Microemulsion Technology to Simplify theDelivery of Vegetable Oil-Based Substrate
Michael R. Sieczkowski
(JRW Bioremediation),Seventh International Conference Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, California; May 24-27, 2010

In Situ Treatment of Chlorinated Ethenes at the Treasure Island Site 24 Source Area
Michael Yurovsky, P.E. (Shaw E&I) and Scott D. Anderson (NAVFAC)
Seventh International Conference Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, California; May 24-27, 2010

Working on a bench-scale study? Contact JRW today for a free sample. 913-438-5544

In the saturated zone, microemulsion particles will act as colloids. A variety of natural colloids exists, including clays, oxides, minerals, bacteria, and organics, with the concentration ranging from 108 to 1017 particles/L. Factors that affect the distribution of colloids include advection, diffusion, dispersion, and sorption. Straining of particles occurs when the pore throats are too small to allow the particle passage, which can reduce permeability (Bradford, S. et al. 2002. Physical factors affecting the transport and fate of colloids in saturated porous media. Water Resources Research, Vol. 38, no.12, 1327.)

LONGEVITY • EASY HANDLING • GREAT DISTRIBUTION
NOT JUST ANOTHER EMULSIFIED VEGETABLE OIL

BENEFITS HIGH FERMENTABLE CONTENT High organic content (80%) provides up to 25% more fermentables than standard emulsified vegetable oils. EASY MATERIAL HANDLING · Low viscosity; readily mixes with water; no high shear mixing needed · Low injection pressure · Longer shelf life INCREASED SUBSURFACE DISTRIBUTION · Thermodynamically stable · Small particle size	USES CONTAMINANTS TREATED: · Chlorinated solvents · Perchlorate · RDX · Reduction of metals TREATMENT CONFIGURATIONS: · Source area treatment · Biobarrier treatment · Plume-wide treatment DELIVERY METHODS: · Permanent injection wells · Direct push methods
MICROCOSM STUDY RESULTS
	LONGEVITY · LactOil® has an estimated electron donor longevity that is 2-3 times greater than other commercially available emulsified vegetable products.
	EFFICIENCY · When compared to other commercially available emulsified vegetable oil products, LactOil® has a higher ratio of electrons stimulating dechlorination than consumed by methanogenesis and acetogenesis.
	KINETICS · LactOil® can degrade PCE to cis-DCE, vinyl chloride, and ethene quicker than other commercially available emulsified vegetable oil products.
· A particle size analysis shows LactOil® particles are consistently smaller than 1 micron. Small particle size and stability allow for physical transport of material in the aquifer.
TYPICAL PROPERTIES Oleaginous material (wt/wt): 35% Ethyl lactate (wt/wt): 35% Emulsifier (wt/wt): 10% water (wt/wt): 10% pH: buffered to 6.5 Specific gravity: 0.986 at 20°C Miscible in water; self-emulsifies Color: clear brown liquid Zeta potential: -83.0 mV Particle size: < 1 micron Viscosity: 25 cP at 70°F. Temperatures below 50°F will cause the material to become more viscose, and may solidify to the consistency of bacon grease. If this should happen, move the material to a warmer location and mix   HANDLING Store unopened under dry conditions at temperatures between 50°F and 85°F. Shelf life of unopened product is 2 months Opened product should be used within 2 weeks Diluted product should be used within 3 days to avoid microbial growth and activity which may cause gas buildups in containers and visible growth which may foul equipment. Following injection of material, wells should be flushed with clean water to prevent microbial growth.   PACKAGING 5-gallon pails 43lbs 2-3 weeks lead time required past receipt of a PO 55-gallon polyethylene drums 450lbs 2-3 weeks lead time required past receipt of PO 265-gallon IBC totes 2200 lbs Special order - 4 weeks lead time required past receipt of PO Tankers Special order

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